Saturday, May 23, 2020

Strategic Dissection Paper on “Microsoft Corporation”

Abstract This paper defines and exemplifies some of the strategies presented by David (2008) that are currently being used by the Microsoft organization. This work presents different levels of strategy (corporate and functional), some of integration and intensive strategies. Levels of strategy The corporate level of management consists of the chief executive officer (CEO), other senior executives, and corporate staff. The main role of corporate-level managers is to observe the development of strategies for the whole organization. This role includes defining the goals of the organization, determining what businesses it should be in, allocating resources among the different businesses, formulating and implementing strategies that span†¦show more content†¦Not only that, engineers typically get paid more than businesspeople (Kirkpatrick, 2008). In early 1994, Gates received e-mails from two young employees, Jay Allard and Steve Sinofsky, who argued that Microsoft’s current strategy was misguided and ignored the rapidly emerging Web. In companies with a more hierarchical culture, such action might have been ignored, but in Microsoft, which operates as a meritocracy in which good ideas trump hierarchical position, it produced a very different response. Gates convened a meeting of senior executives in April 1994 and then wrote a memo to senior executives arguing that the Internet represented a sea change in computing and that Microsoft had to respond. Integration strategies Microsoft is using a forward integration strategy, which usually involves gaining ownership or increased control over distributors or retailers. (David, 2010) Microsoft’s forward integration includes opening its own retail stores. Microsoft wants to learn firsthand about what consumers want and how they buy. Intensive Strategies A market penetration strategy seeks to increase market share for present products or services in present markets through greater marketing efforts. Market penetration includes increasing the number of salespersons, increasing advertising expenditures, offering extensive sales promotion items, or increasing publicity efforts. (David, 2010) Microsoft’s software products include operating systems,Show MoreRelatedEpidemiology of Hiv14908 Words   |  60 Pagesabuse, reports. According to Berhane Kelkay, coordinator of the National Association of Positive Ethiopian Women, female genital mutilation, widow inheritance, early marriage and rape put women at a higher risk of contracting HIV.[13] Generally the paper will highlight the problems of mothers living with HIV/AIDS with special reference to the upbringing of children. Women play main role in the upbringing of children. Women are not only the main care givers of the family, but are also responsible for

Monday, May 18, 2020

Essay about Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy

The Endless Dissonance between Humanity and Nature The scientific and technological advancements of the early 20th century entered people’s daily lives with the intention of bringing the whole of humanity into a brighter, more modern era. However, the darker side of such immense achievement was the increasing encroachment on the previously untouched natural world. Many great minds grew weary of such advances and conveyed their apprehension through the popular literature of the time. The pivotal novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy explores the impact that industrialists with access to technology had on the pastoral countryside and lower classes. Conan Doyle expands on this message in his novel The Hound of the Baskervilles, by†¦show more content†¦Another example of humanity’s increasing imposition on nature is the D’Urberville mansion, that Tess describes as being, â€Å"almost new—and of the same rich red colour that formed such a contrast with the evergreens of the lodge† (Hardy). The bright colors of the house contrast with the calm surrounding landscape, providing emphasis to the intrusion that capitalist Alec D’Urberville has made upon nature. This idea foreshadows Alec’s rape of Tess, which is also symbolic of the new industrialized capitalists pillaging the natural world to make a profit. Alec abandons Tess â€Å"upon the dead leaves† in The Chase, which is â€Å"one of the few remaining woodlands in England of undoubted primeval date† (Hardy). The fact that Alec takes advantage of Tess, who is described as â€Å"a figure which is part of the landscape,† in an ancient forest emphasizes how invasive the presence of industry, which Alec embodies, was becoming in the 20th century (Hardy). The exploitation of Tess parallels the abuse that modern agricultural technology was exhibiting on the longstanding farmlands of England. Hardy portrays the Talbothays farm that Tess first works on as a, â€Å"happy green tra ct of land where summer had been liberal in her gifts (Hardy). Hardy quickly replaces this quaint image of nature withShow MoreRelatedTess of the DUrbervilles by THomas Hardy Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesTess of the DUrbervilles is a movie based on a novel by Thomas Hardy. The story involves a young girl named Tess who will be the victim, the prey, and sometimes the lover of many men. She will go through this without ever understanding what it is that those men want of her. The first man in her life is her father, whose name is John Durbeyfield. He was a drunken farmer. John discovers from the local parson that he is related to the noble local family of dUrbervilles. After finding out this informationRead MoreTess of the DUrbervilles by Thomas Hardy Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagesis what Tess Durbeyfield had to do in Tess of the Durbervilles by Thomas Hardy. Tess’s strength develops as she contends with two cultural issues; the cultural expectation for women to be pure, and the cultural system of a social hierarchy. In Tess of the Durbervilles, there is a double standard for women, for Tess. Women are expected to be pure because without their pureness, they are soiled and unsuitable for marriage. Therefore, when Tess was taken advantage of by Alec D’urberville, she wasRead More Analysis of Tess of the DUrbervilles by Thomas Hardy Essay3684 Words   |  15 PagesAnalysis of Tess of the DUrbervilles by Thomas Hardy The depth of artistic unity found in Thomas Hardys Tess of the DUrbervilles pervades every chapter of the novel. No one chapter is less important than another because each is essential in order to tell the tragic tale of Tess Durbeyfield. There is never an instance in Hardys prose that suggests frill or excess. Themes of the Industrial Revolution in England, the status of women during Victorian England, Christianity vs. Paganism, mattersRead MoreThomas Hardy- Tess of the D’urbervilles (Non-African)1366 Words   |  6 PagesTHEMATIC PRE-OCCUPATION, DICTION, SETTING AND PLOT, ASSESS THOMAS HARDY â€Å"TESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES AND MORAL†. THOMAS HARDY- TESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES (NON-AFRICAN) Pre-Occupation Thomas hardy first in his career became an apprentice to John Hicks. A Dorchester Architect for several years, his practice architecture in Dorchester, he also simultaneously studied Greek and Latin. It was during this period that he began written poetry. In 1862, Hardy moved to London ad worked as a Architect for ArthurRead More Injustice in Tess of the DUrbervilles by Thomas Hardy Essay1800 Words   |  8 Pagessomeone or something, but often this blame is misplaced, which is unfair in itself. In Tess of the DUrbervilles, Thomas Hardy depicts the injustice of life and the effects of mislaid blame through his use of imagery and diction. Hardy uses imagery throughout the novel in order to explicitly define the ways in which life is unjust. This injustice is first displayed at Prince?s death, then again at his burial. Hardy chooses specific words to enable the reader to see exactly what is happing. He describesRead MoreTragedy in Tess of the D’Urberville by Thomas Hardy Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHardy’s novel Tess of the D’Urberville is based on the tragedy of Tess’ life. Throughout the novel Tess goes through numerous amounts of suffering .Traditionally, it was believed that tragedy was due to hamartia. Aristotle described hamartia as a flaw that leads to the fall of the protagonist caused by mistake in a person’s behaviour. However, Tess does not have a flaw but she still suffers despite the fact that she did not do anything wrong. Hardy demonstrates that Tess is a woman in a patriarchalRead MoreReinvention of Self in Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy880 Word s   |  4 PagesTess D’Urberville, the protagonist of Tess of the D’Urbervilles, must ask herself this very important question as she navigates the complexity of her life. Although she must provide for her family by running errands, taking care of her younger siblings, and managing her unruly parents Tess is a product of her culture. She is unintentionally passive in dire situations – such as when she drifted into a reverie and killed the family horse, or when fell asleep and was raped. Tess is also a symbol ofRead MoreTess of the dUrbervilles by Thomas Hardy: An essay on the characters representing social class and social change2232 Words   |  9 PagesThe author Thomas Hardy lived and wrote in a time of difficult social change, when England was making its slow and painful transition from an old-fashioned, agricultural nation to a modern, industrial one. Businessmen and entrepreneurs, or new money, joined the ranks of the social elite, as some families of t he ancient aristocracy, or old money, faded into obscurity. Hardy s novel Tess of the d Urbervilles clearly illustrates his views on the harsh social changes in his time period, which wereRead MoreTess of the DUrbervilles5394 Words   |  22 PagesTess of the DUrbervilles Quotes Tess of the DUrbervillesbyThomas Hardy 62,218 ratings, 3.62 average rating, 3,301 reviews Tess of the DUrbervilles Quotes (showing 1-50 of 88) â€Å"A strong woman who recklessly throws away her strength, she is worse than a weak woman who has never had any strength to throw away.† ― Thomas Hardy, Tess of the DUrbervilles tags: strength, woman â€Å"Did you say the stars were worlds, Tess? Yes. All like ours? I dont know, but I think so. They sometimes seem toRead More Thomas Hardys Use of Fallen Women in His Writings Essay examples544 Words   |  3 PagesThomas Hardys Use of Fallen Women in His Writings Thomas Hardy sheds new light on the idea of the fallen woman. Throughout several of his works, he portrays the fallen woman through her own eyes, and, in doing so, presents a different perspective. Three of his works which establish this new perspective are the poem, The Ruined Maid, and the novels Far from the Madding Crowd and Tess of the dUrbervilles. In The Ruined Maid, which he wrote in 1866, Hardy focuses on one womans recent

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Policy Analysis Of The Affordable Care Law - 1445 Words

POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE AFFORDABLE CARE LAW Healthcare policy analysis has been a debate for citizens and government officials. The policy was initiated as a start to healthcare reform in the U.S. Initiated in 2010, by President Barack Obama the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was on its way to redeveloping the function of the healthcare field. The ACA puts people, families, and businesses in charge of their healthcare. All three branches (Legislative, Judicial, and Executive) had a part of the creation of the law and experienced a fair share of issues in the development. Outcries from the public and lobbyists a method of seeking a favored result has influenced the development of this law. In this paper, addressing all elements involved in†¦show more content†¦Congress had to vote and debate to get the law passed and on the floor for the judicial and executive branch. The judicial branch is to take the legislative bills and develop rules and regulations for the new bills passed. This branch also known as the Supreme Co urt can rewrite laws that Congress passed about ACA that were not completely thought through. Republicans and those that support them felt the Supreme Court upholding the bill for ACA creation was a huge mistake to allow for a massive expansion of government. The most anticipated Supreme Court ruling in years allows the government to continue implementing the health care law, which was passed in 2010 but doesn t take full effect until 2014 (Mears Cohen, 2012). The executive branch of the U.S. government handles enforcing laws; its power is vested in the President. With relation to the ACA the president was the agenda setter in the initiative of the healthcare reform, Obama was passionate about the reform happen now, and there was not the time to wait. Obama ensured coverage for all to allow the patients to have more control over their care and to stop insurance provider from denying and over charging for health. Issues the executive branch experience for involvement in ACA law is m any. Public Opinion and Lobbyist Role and Impact in Law Development Lobbyist or interest groups are

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Cultural Atmosphere Of South Africa - 1362 Words

Moving on from the previous notion that legal systems impact our perceptions as a collective, Elisa Longinett’s study of those living with HIV in South Africa examines the risk of volatile reactions found after sexual disclosure to their partners. What was found that the biggest indicator whether one would face volatile reactions were based upon their sex and their level of income: males with money were less at risk than males without, and males without high income were less likely than females without high income, there were little to no females to report in the study who had high income. Longinett continues to state that this is due to the cultural atmosphere of South Africa was overtly focussed upon one’s sex and their economic status. It is not to say that these are not important modes of judgement within Canada, but that individual people’s reactions were more visible through their vocal dislike of someone or facial expressions based on these two factors. It is also important to note that she and her colleagues found this was evident of the mixed legal system in place inherited from British and Dutch origins. What this means for us in Canada is that, while we may not be as overtly homophobic as other cultures are, our legal system also has a part to play in how we interact with others. The fact that our legal system says that a person living with HIV could be charged as a criminal will cause an obvious social trend to occur: people are going to treat them likeShow MoreRelatedThe Gretest Poverty of All: Bieng Unwanted, Unloved and Uncared For 1042 Words   |  5 Pagesgreatest poverty.† (Mother Teresa) South Africa’s poverty affects the country in numerous ways; however and the most vulnerable margin in the country is the most effected. Children are the most vulnerable aspect in any country, as they are still developing, and don’t have the resources to be independent; they are also only able to take what they are given without being able to change or produce anything. So children being uncared for and abstained from a healthy atmosphere that helps them develop properlyRead MoreStudying Existing Solar Pv Markets1389 Words   |  6 Pagesmatrix associated PV plants, two have been introduced by German organizations, Energiebau and Asantys. Inverters from SMA are regularly utilized as a part of bigger establishments   http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/special-report-africa-- kenya_100013508/#ixzz3TSKNhUzo COUNTRY INFRASTRUCTURE:- Kenya has a far reaching street system of roughly 95,000 miles uniting most parts of the nation. The state-claimed Kenya Railways Corporation (KR) deals with Kenya s single-track lineRead MoreButcher Boys by Jane Alexander1649 Words   |  7 PagesJeremy Steffen 11/30/13 Arts of Africa DAkpem Butcher Boys Butcher Boys is a work of art created by Jane Alexander in 1985-86. Jane Alexander is a caucasian female who was born in Johannesburg South Africa in 1959, and grew up in South Africa during the tumultuous political and cultural atmosphere of apartheid and the fight for civil rights. This location, or more specifically the cultural, social and political aspects of this location, affected Alexanders work, Butcher Boys. The artist states,Read MoreThe Heart-warming Tale of Girls and Boys Town867 Words   |  4 PagesBoys Town is different! The story of Girls and Boys Town is one of the most heart-warming tales of human effort of the 20th Century. It is a tale of faith, courage and sympathy – one that enchanted the imagination of the world and changed the way South Africa cares for challenged youth. Founded by the late Bishop Reginald Orsmond in 1958 and based on the principles of Father Flanagans famous Girls Boys Town in Nebraska, USA, Girls Boys Town has granted thousands of children of all races, gendersRead MoreLeadership Styles : Nelson Mandela And Mahatma Gandhi s Peace Movement1209 Words   |  5 Pagesand direction that can be used in future conflicts to evolve positive change. Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi exemplified to the world that when disharmony shows its ugly face, there can be other ways to fight for change. Mandela’s efforts in the South African Apartheid beginning in 1948 and ending in 1994, chose forceful recognition while Gandhi working in the Peace Movement beginning in 1893 and ending in 1914, lead his people in prayer, fasting and meditation in a non-violent, non-cooperativeRead MoreDetails of Johannesburg, South Africa848 Words   |  3 Pageslake or coastline and one of the 50 largest agglomerations in the world. It is not one of the cap ital cities of the country, but has the largest economy in Sub Saharan Africa. The city has a population of 10,267,700 and a land area of 635 sq miles. Most travelers will pass through Johannesburg at least once during a trip to South Africa, because all roads and all domestic flights from coastal cities to northern and inland regions connect in JHB. Where is Johannesburg? Johannesburg is located closeRead MoreDoing Business in South Africa Essays1250 Words   |  5 PagesDoing Business in South Africa Introduction The South African culture compromise of: black Afrikaans , white Afrikaans, mixed-race Afrikaans, Asian-Indian, White Chinese-Taiwanese (Koopman van Muijen 1994). The black Afrikaans are the majority race in South Africa. The Zulu nation makes up the majority in the black Afrikaans, The white Afrikaans are the minority race and have the majority of the power. The white Afrikaans are predominately from the English origin. The mixed-race AfrikaansRead MoreCompany Vision And Strategy Of Unilever1174 Words   |  5 PagesCare, President of Foods, President of Europe, Chief Legal Officer, Chief of Marketing Communications Officer, and Chief Supply Chain Officer. The Chief HR Officer, Douglas Baillie, monopolizes his life experiences in the Middle East, Turkey, South Africa, and Australia to acquire the most talented job incumbents in the world. The Chief R D Officer, David Blanchard, employs ingenuity by brainstorming with his multicultural research and development teams to adjust and innovate new products andRead MoreHow Far Has the Importance of Nelson Mandela in the Ending of Apartheid Been Exaggerated?1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthe south African government and something had to be done before their economy completely fell apart. De Klerk shocked the country when he took the first step towards abolishing apartheid although, the spark of light and face of rebellion, Mandela, provided the inspiration to make the end of apartheid possible. Nelson Mandela’s contribution and dedication to South Africa’s struggle in achieving freedom and equal rights for every South African led to his popularity and respect in South Africa. InRead MoreMultilingual Outreach : An Experiment On Success Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pagesexplanations for the disturbances, but the predominant diagnosis was that they were a result of the existence of ‘parallel lives’. The suggestion was that different communities lived, worked and socialized separately, thereby creating an uncivil atmosphere of mistrust, jealousy and intolerance. The suggestion was that communities had slumbered into segregation and government policy had played a part in their sedation (Chan 2010 p34). The lack of positive relationships, civic engagement and participation

Software Development Life Cycle Free Essays

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE SUMMARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE is basically a framework which describes the activities performed at each stage of a software development Project. These activities involve stages like the requirements, design, implementation, testing, installation and maintenance. In the information technology industry, SDLC plays a big role. We will write a custom essay sample on Software Development Life Cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now No software development process will ever be completed efficiently and also meeting the budget client requirements without SDLC. This is because SDLC involves a structural framework which describes the phases involved in information system development. SDLC in management is an important factor which needs to be taken into consideration if you want a software development project to be resounding success. The phases of SDLC can vary somewhat but generally include the following: Conceptualization Requirements and cost/benefits analysis Detailed specification of the software requirements Software design Programming Testing User and technical training; and Maintenance The following are some basic popular models that are adopted by many software development firms System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model Prototyping Model Rapid Application Development Model Component Assembly Model As part of my research project I would be studying the core principles of SDLC. I would also perform research on available SDLC models in the information technology industry. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model This is also known as Classic Life Cycle Model (or) Linear Sequential Model (or) Waterfall Method. This model has the following. Most software teams still use a waterfall process for development projects. Taking an extreme waterfall approach means that you complete a number of phases in a strictly ordered sequence: requirements analysis, design, implementation/integration, and then testingg activities. 1. System/Information Engineering and Modeling As software is always of a large system (or business), work begins by establishing the requirements for all system elements and then allocating some subset of these requirements to software. This system view is essential when the software must interface with other elements such as hardware, people and other resources. System is the basic and very critical requirement for the existence of software in any entity. So if the system is not in place, the system should be engineered and put in place. In some cases, to extract the maximum output, the system should be re-engineered and spruced up. Once the ideal system is engineered or tuned, the development team studies the software requirement for the system. 2. Software Requirement Analysis This process is also known as feasibility study. In this phase, the development team visits the customer and studies their system. They investigate the need for possible software automation in the given system. By the end of the feasibility study, the team furnishes a document that holds the different specific recommendations for the candidate system. It also includes the personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, target dates etc†¦. The requirement gathering process is intensified and focussed specially on software. To understand the nature of the program(s) to be built, the system engineer or â€Å"Analyst† must understand the information domain for the software, as well as required function, behavior, performance and interfacing. The essential purpose of this phase is to find the need and to define the problem that needs to be solved . 3. System Analysis and Design In this phase, the software development process, the software’s overall structure and its nuances are defined. In terms of the client/server technology, the number of tiers needed for the package architecture, the database design, the data structure design etc†¦ are all defined in this phase. A software development model is thus created. Analysis and Design are very crucial in the whole development cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software development. Much care is taken during this phase. The logical system of the product is developed in this phase. 4. Code Generation The design must be translated into a machine-readable form. The code generation step performs this task. If the design is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can be accomplished without much complication. Programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc†¦ are used to generate the code. Different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java are used for coding. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language is chosen. 5. Testing Agile software development refers to a group of software development methodologies based on iterative development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing cross-functional teams. Agile methods generally promote a disciplined project management process that encourages frequent inspection and adaptation, a leadership philosophy that encourages teamwork, self-organization and accountability, a set of engineering best practices intended to allow for rapid delivery of high-quality software, and a business approach that aligns development with customer needs and company goals. Agile methods have much in common with the â€Å"Rapid Application Development† techniqu How to cite Software Development Life Cycle, Essays

Sustainability in Marketing Sustainability and its Relationship

Question: Describe about the Sustainability in Marketing? Answer: Executive Summary Sustainability is an important element in the formulation of marketing strategy. Sustainability marketing gives focus on beyond of traditional marketing mix i.e. product, price, place and promotion. It is concerned with the natural and social environments to reduce the usage of virgin resources and the discharge of wastage which are hazardous to health. According to triple bottom line approach, it has three aspects environment, society and economic viability of the organization which are connected for business communications. Sustainable marketing organization gives focus on achieving the organizational resilience both for short-term and long-term. Introduction Marketing is the process of flowing goods and services from producer to customer. Marketing management is concerned to identify and anticipate the customers need. According to that goods are produced and services are rendered for maximum satisfaction. Sustainability refers to the ability to sustain in the environments. The focus of this article is to understand the concept of sustainability and its relationship with marketing. This is most concerned with sustainability in marketing and alignment of organizational procedure and goal with the basic principles of sustainable business practices. It is also concerned how an organization set the way to communicate with sustainability goals, successes and challenges. Various terminological differences are discussed and different marketing issues are clarified which are related to sustainability. Sustainable Marketing Sustainable marketing is the procedure where organization commits to promote such kind of product which is safe for environment. This ideally aligns the organizational internal processes and acquires and manages the resources to create value for stakeholders. Stakeholders include staff, shareholders, owners and the partners in value chain. Thus, the creation of value enhances or improves the external environments (natural and social). So, sustainable marketing clearly states the values and goals which have desired effect on the economic viability and also the effect of natural and social environment within area of operation. It is applied by the organization when there is finite resource system and organization has to operate within that finite resource. Thus, it is the responsibility of the stakeholders to take strategic decision regarding the long-term benefit of whole system. Sustainable strategies are developed through several frameworks such as including the ecosystem services cost into operations, imitating the natural system for new product development and operations, minimizing the overall carbon footprint of the organization and changing the technology applied to enhance in spite of wastages of resources. Sustainable marketing is a dynamic process because it deals with the continuous improvements. It increases the resilience of social environment and restores the natural environment within area of operations. Increasing the efficiency of operational activities is one of the actions that might be taken by the organization in order to obtain greater sustainability. The process may include the commitment of increasing the consumption of recycled materials in spite of virgin raw materials. It also helps in reducing the discharge of wastages which are hazardous for health and environment (Oates et al., 2008). Sustainable marketing is different from conventional marketing according its holistic approach. If an organization is committed for sustainable marketing, the overall goals of sustainability are converted into guiding force behind the all decisions of operational activities at all hierarchy levels of the organization. It is also different from conventional marketing because the organizational procedures are fully clear to stakeholders which are committed to render. Stakeholders are engaged in creation of value of the organization and sustainable marketing is concerned with rendering such product life cycles and value chains which have favorable effect on natural and social environment. According triple bottom line (3BL) approach, it is considered to have triple bottom line. In the organization, the information passes from one level to another level regarding the society, environment and economic viability of the organization. Sustainable marketing is a macro marketing concept because it creates affect on whole marketing system such as value chains, institutions or industries in spite of exchange partners. It can be observed that sustainable marketing involves large changes in activities and outlook in case of both producers and consumers in spite of traditional marketing. Classic marketing concept involves marketing mix of four elements such as product, price, place and promotion. But, sustainable marketing involves others four tactical dimensions. First dimension is customer solutions. Customer solutions are the triple bottom line benefit which is beyond of the product and service and it is concerned with the consumers societal and social environment. Second one is customer costs which are committed to customer and it is incorporated with the costs of social and environmental of products during the product life cycle. Third one is customer communications which includes the transparency of the firm. At last, conveniences which explain that the organization thinks beyond conceptions of customer exchanges focused only sales or even lifetime value of the customers (Shin Rohani, Aung Rohani, 2014). It can be seen that not only, the large organizations have adopted sustainable marketing but also small organization. The one of the important features of sustainable marketing is non-profit. Third party certificate is provided to the private firms and they are monitored by strict guidelines. Marketing Sustainability Marketing sustainability refers to the current practice or demonstration that a firm has taken commitments for the journey towards the goals of general sustainability. It refers to the interaction between the internal and external shareholders in ways that resources are delivered and benefits are provided and stakeholders are enriched immediately. Such kinds of interactions occur in natural and social environment. Entire firm may affected by products, services, ideas and experiences where those are marketed sustainably. All those goals must be integrated in entire product life cycle from starting to end (Sharma, Iyer, Mehrotra Krishnan, 2010). Market offerings in marketing sustainability is future orientation which creates differentiate from conventional approach. The consequences of todays marketing activities cannot create effect the ability of customer in the future to fulfill their needs. At the present economy, transparency measures, sustainability reports and Corporate Social Responsibility can be called one way to market sustainability. These all have its own strengths and drawbacks. An organization, interested in marketing sustainability must be cautious that they should not make any false claims regarding their efforts. Sustainable Marketing Organization When an organization is committed to ongoing processes for the improvements the relationship of external social and natural environments and the consistency of internal processes with general goals of sustainability, it is called a sustainable marketing organization. It can be observed that a market oriented firm tries to integrate the customers need into every part of the firm. But, a SMO tries to integrate the goals of sustainability and values in every part of the organization. This orientation is used as tool in each and every decision-making process. Suitable goals and values will be adopted by SMO which should spread out into every part of the firm. SMO has the sense making power for capturing and internal diffusion of knowledge to determine the gap in needs in the immediate stakeholder community it can best serve. It can be possible because of keeping in mind the external and social environments. SMO utilizes the resources more efficiently, smartly and waste is found very less. These all are contribute value on delivery of market offerings (Weber, 2013). There are certain differences between SMO and conventional marketing organization. In SMO, economic profits are focused to accomplish the sustainability goals rather than ends in themselves. SMO firm is also made by overall goal of accomplishing the short-term and long-term organizational resilience. A SMO enhances the natural resource utilize by striving to improve the productivity from a given unit of virgin resources by a measurable and meaningful amount. At the same time, it finds out the alternative recycled resources to use in its operation. Conclusion For sustainable market, the organizational processes should be transparent to stakeholder. Stakeholders should engage in value creation and should concern to render product life cycles and value chain which have favorable effects on both natural and social environments. In case of marketing sustainability organization should not make any commitments towards the journey of general goals of sustainability which has false claims regarding their efforts. Sustainable marketing organization is more efficient and smarter in nature and makes less wastage of resources. References List Oates, C., McDonald, S., Alevizou, P., Hwang, K., Young, W., McMorland, L. (2008) Marketing sustainability: Use of information sources and degrees of voluntary simplicity.Journal Of Marketing Communications,14(5), 351-365. Sharma, A., Iyer, G., Mehrotra, A., Krishnan, R. (2010). Sustainability and business-to-business marketing: A framework and implications.Industrial Marketing Management,39(2), 330-341. doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.11.005 Shin Rohani, L., Aung, M., Rohani, K. (2014). One step closer to the field: visual methods in marketing and consumer research.Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,17(4), 300-318. doi:10.1108/qmr-08-2012-0039 Weber, J. (2013) Advances in Graduate Marketing Curriculum: Paying Attention to Ethical, Social, and Sustainability Issues.Journal Of Marketing Education,35(2), 85-94.

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Analysis of Philips versus Matsushita †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Philips versus Matsushita. Answer: Introduction The case study reflected the competitive battle between the two famous companies, Philips and Matsushita Electric. Philips initially concentrated on a single product and with the passage of time it evolved as the market leader in industrial research. There was cost pressure for both companies, Phillips and Matsushita when they were operating outside the home country. Both the companies wanted to follow the transnational strategy of reducing cost and modifying the products but they did not succeed. The organizational structure of both the companies stood as a problem for their expansion and growth and it was difficult to change them. Although Philips is decentralized and Matsushita being centralized yet it was difficult for both the companies to expand and capture the market (Nikabadi, Dehghan and Farmanian-Arani 2015). Changes made in the company-the objectives, implementation and impact: Phillips From 1960s to 1990s, Philips changed its business strategy and the change happened in selling off its business, cutting FTEs, expanding production in low cost countries, investment in research and development. Philips followed centralized leadership policy. It was forced to create various autonomous subsidiaries in UK and US and it has resulted to loss of power and control. There was struggle between the national organizations and product divisions and this has led to poor productivity. In 1998, the focus was on consumer electronics and other technologies which helped in increasing brand awareness in the market. In 2001, the focus was on product development, channelmanagement and brand awareness. The company outsourced its production of CD players, TVs and other products to the low cost countries such as Mexico, Poland and China (Gunasekaran et al. 2015). Philips sold several of its businesses for components like audio, mobile phone and the semiconductor business. The company focused on high volume and volatile consumer products. It continued its innovation in plasma TV and LCDs and also on other basic products of the developing market. In the later phase, the company also changed its marketing strategy and reduced the number of retail chains. It focused on giants supermarkets like Wal-Mart and Tesco to capture the market. In 2007, the company communicated its 2010 vision strategic plan to increase its profitability areas. In 2008, the organizational structure was simplified by forming three major sectors: consumer lifestyle, healthcare and lightning. These helped Philips to be customer centric and fulfill the needs of its valuable customers. Phillips targeted to be a leading brand in well being and health sector of business. In the later part of 2008, Philips gave its licensing to Funai for marketing and manufacturing TVs under the brand name of Philips. It also extended its license to cover products such as DVD, Blu-Ray and home theatre in other countries. Th e 2010 Vision strategy has tried to make Philips as the leading and growing brand in the health sector. The core competency for Philips is innovation but the company needs to realize that to increase its sales, it must focus on its brand and marketing (Wei, Samiee and Lee 2014). The change is hard for Philips because it should narrow down its products and focus on marketing and advertising. The focus of the product must be in accordance with the needs and demands of the customers (Rego, Morgan and Fornell 2013). Matsushita During 1950s and 1960s, the company focused on trade liberalization and lowered the shipping cost to expand its export business in TV sets. The company opened its branch office in America and tried to expand its network through selling by merchandisers and discounters. The manufacturing cost has increased and the company tried to move to low wage countries. The company also started to expand by introducing new technologies such as VCR. In 1972, the company tried to open its plant in Canada and other parts of USA. Between 1977 to 1985, the company increased its sales volume and this has increased the profit of Matsushita. In 1980s, it began to shift to local outsourcing and relocated its headquarter from Japan in order to become entrepreneurial in other global countries. Matsushita started with one product initially but it quickly gained market penetration and diversified by the steep number of retail outlets. It has also adopted the structure of product division. It expanded its prod uction to low wage countries and thus began marketing and manufacturing of VCRs. It also began decentralizing its leadership in relation to the local division of workforce. During the mid of 1980s, the growing number of these global companies helped the parent companies in either of the two ways: it wholly owned the company or a single product of the plant to the correct product division. The product division helped to maintain control in the offshore operation. The international sales of the Matsushita grew rapidly and the host countrys pressure helped to raise concern about the centralized operation of the company. The most important innovation of the company during this period is to increase its innovation for the overseas company and give them more choice and option of their products. Matsushita was centralized and they have many permanent employees which becomes a difficult task if the organization had to restructure and thus this affects the cost efficiency of the company. In April 1998, the company reorganized and strengthened its European Industrial Operation along with the creation of the Panasonic Industrial Europe. The new group so formed had its headquarter in Hamburg, Germany and its regional office in varied locations such as UK, Italy, Spain. The turnover of this new group was more than one million Euros and it had achieved its target in the first year of its business. There were more than 300 staffs in marketing, personnel support and sales. The chairman of Matsushita, Kunio Nakamura has declared that the company wanted to take these measures to remain competitive in the global market. Panasonic targeted to become the green innovation company in electronic industry by the end of 2018. The change is hard for Matsushita because they did not analyze the customers demand in the future and adjust the strategies accordingly. The company must integrate the change through various formal strategies and activities (Aguilera-Caracuel and Ortiz-de-Mandojan a 2013). Recommendations for Gerald Kleisterlee Gerald Kleisterlee, the CEO of Philips had to focus on some particular areas to expand the growth of its business. He must focus on the employees morale and adopt a stronger marketing approach. When Gerald Kleisterlee took charge of the company, he outsourced the products of Philips to the countries where the cost of production is very low. This created a reduction in the layoffs as it had increase drastically. This has also affected the cost of production of the company. The employees also get demoralized and have the fear of losing their jobs. Kleisterlee must develop such a strategy which helps to foster engagement of the employees and development of the company. Moreover, the company fails to market it product effectively and this must be taken care of by Keisterlee. Philips being an innovative company must try to remain in the market power (Tajvidi and Karami 2015). Keisterlee must focus on the marketing and branding strategy. Efforts must also be made to increase the market sha re of the company. Keisterlee must also try to decentralize Phillips if possible. The headquarter of Philips in Holland must be reallocated to some other countries where it can expand its market. This will help the company to serve its customers more efficiently. Keisterlee must check that the company spends adequate amount of money on research and development. This will help Philips to compete with the other companies and expand its production line (Ren, Eisingerich and Tsai, 2015). Recommendations to Eumio Ohtsubo The founder of Matsushita, Kanosuke Matsushita developed the company on the basis of a particular philosophy. The development and progress of the company can be attained through the co-operation and the combined efforts of the employees of the company. Matsushita also developed certain standards for the proper attitude of the employees and develop a dedication for their work. Matsushita had a clear vision and he valued the importance of team work and recognized the employees as the valuable assets of the company. So Ohtsubo must try to revise the structure of themanagement and fulfill the targets of Matsushita. Moreover, Ohtsubo should also develop such a strategy which will help to ensure employees engagement in the company. Efforts must also be made to check that there is proper communication within the employees and themanagement so that the company can run efficiently. The operation of the company must be centralized and their must be strict measures for the overseas operation. M oreover, research and development must be outsourced so that the company can develop and expand quickly. Ohtsubo must also keep an eye on the marketing of the products and check that the products reach the market easily (Matisoff, Noonan and Mazzolin 2014). Conclusion Both the companies must expand its production by improving its innovation strategy and they must outsource the products in low wage countries. Philips and Matsushita must also expand its research and development area and develop a strong bonding with the employees. This will help them to increase their revenue in the long run. Philips adopted a multi-domestic strategy and thus there was no organizational unity and control over the employees. This strategy of Philips did not allow the company to develop its areas on global innovations. It is vital that both the companies must adopt a transactional strategy. This will help both the company to overcome the flaws in global innovation. Moreover, both the companies must also localize the sales in the global or regional level. 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